Why is oil rather than air used to transmit force in a hydraulic jack?
- Oil is lighter than air
- Oil is nearly incompressible
- Oil cannot ever leak out
- Oil expands under load
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B. Oil is nearly incompressible
A liquid hardly changes volume under pressure, so movement at the pump piston is passed directly to the ram. Air would squeeze down like a spring before the load moved.
Reference: Hydraulics: incompressibility of liquids
Three gears are meshed in a straight row. The first gear turns clockwise. Which way does the third gear turn?
- Counterclockwise
- It stays still
- It rocks back and forth
- Clockwise
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D. Clockwise
Direction reverses at each mesh: the second gear turns counterclockwise and the third turns clockwise again. In a simple train, odd-numbered gears turn the same way as the first.
Reference: Gear drives: direction of rotation
Which of these tools works as a third-class lever, with the effort applied between the fulcrum and the load?
- A wheelbarrow
- A pair of tweezers
- A pry bar on a block
- A bottle opener
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B. A pair of tweezers
In tweezers the joined end is the fulcrum, the fingers squeeze in the middle and the load is at the tips. A bottle opener puts the load (the cap) between the fulcrum and the hand, which makes it second class.
Reference: Simple machines: the three classes of lever